When Hard Work Leads Nowhere

We need someone to talk to
And someone to sweep the floors
Incomplete
Incomplete

(Rush -- Distant Early Warning from "Grace Under Pressure", 1984)

The problem of poverty is not corrected simply by making jobs available. For the working-poor caught up in an endless cycle of entry-level jobs offering minimum wage earnings, hard work does not guarantee success.

Barbara Ehrenreich, author of Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America found this out the hard way. cover Barbara, a successful author, spent a year working at low-wage jobs in an attempt to discover if she could make an adequate living on six to seven dollars an hour. From Florida to Maine to Minnesota, Barbara worked as a waitress, hotel maid, nursing home aide, and Wal-Mart salesperson. In each setting, she fell short of being able to provide all that is needed for basic human survival--food, adequate shelter, clothing, and medical needs. If her experience were any more than an experiment, she would almost certainly be homeless by now.

Throughout her experiment, she discovered how difficult it is to survive on minimum-wage earnings. The search for adequate housing always proved problematic. Some of her co-workers lived in their vehicles. Others, being unable to save enough money for a month's rent and a month's deposit for an apartment, resorted to paying excessive prices for hotel rooms.

At every location, she soon discovered that she would not be able to survive without two jobs. And yet, physical and mental exhaustion from one full-time job, which often demanded long hours, made it nearly impossible to find time or energy to work a second job.

In this book, Barbara describes a side of life that is easy to ignore by those who live in the comfortable middle or upper class. It is a side of life filled with stories of hard-working people caught in the downward spiral of jobs that offer little emotional or financial reward. It is a life "where illness or injury… must be 'worked through,' with gritted teeth, because there's no sick pay or health insurance and the loss of one day's pay will mean no groceries for the next" (p. 214).

As Christians, we are called to care for the plight of the poor. One of the first (and most overlooked) acts of the early church was helping the poor: "sharing their property and possessions with all, as anyone might have need" (Acts 2:45; cf. Acts 4:33-35). The earliest church leaders gave themselves to providing and caring for the widowed poor (Acts 6:1; cf. 1 Tim. 5:3-16). The Apostle Paul gave great effort in his missionary journeys to collect funds to provide for the impoverished in Jerusalem (2 Cor. 8 - 9). Paul's zealous concern was to aid the poor whenever possible: "They only asked us to remember the poor--the very thing I also was eager to do" (Gal. 2:10). Those who are rich are constantly urged to share with the poor (1 Tim. 5:17-19; Heb. 13:16; James 2:14-16; 1 John 3:16-18). The Apostle James boldly states that true religion is to care for those who are in great need (James 1:27).

If ministering to the poor, neglected, and abused was such a high priority for the early church, why is it that the poor often go relatively unnoticed? Barbara offers this insightful explanation:

Some odd optical property of our highly polarized and unequal society makes the poor almost invisible to their economic superiors. The poor can see the affluent easily enough--on television, for example, or on the covers of magazines. But the affluent rarely see the poor...
[T]he affluent… are less and less likely to share spaces and services with the poor. As public schools and other public services deteriorate, those who can afford to do so send their children to private schools and spend their off-hours in private spaces--health clubs, for example, instead of the local park. They don't ride on public buses and subways. They withdraw from mixed neighborhoods into distant suburbs, gated communities, or guarded apartment towers; they shop in stores that, in line with the prevailing 'market segmentation,' are designed to appeal to the affluent alone. (pp. 216-217)

We don't see the poor, but they see us. Furthermore, most of us middle and upper class people survive due to the sacrifice of the working poor: "When someone works for less pay than she can live on--when, for example, she goes hungry so that you can eat more cheaply and conveniently--then she has made a great sacrifice for you, she has made you a gift of some part of her abilities, her health, and her life" (p. 221).

Poverty is not simply a consequence of unemployment. And hard work is not the secret to success. The people in Barbara's book work long, hard hours with little reward and practically no hope for a better future. For every person who succeeds through "hard work" there are also many who "go nowhere" while working hard. Near the end of the book, Barbara laments, "No one ever said that you could work hard--harder even then you ever thought possible--and still find yourself sinking ever deeper into poverty and debt" (p. 220).

This book opened my eyes to see another world that exists all around me--a world I will never be able to ignore again due to Barbara's courageous and compelling work.

© Richard J. Vincent, 2003



Comments

While I haven't read this book, your review brings up an topic which i have thought a lot about. I get frusterated in a couple of different ways.. On the one hand I grew up with the experience of living an apartment as the only white kid amoung minority with my single mom, with our house full of borrow stuff, eating spam from food stamp's and having our rent being pay'd on a credit card. I knew people who lived in their car, and so i'm very greatfull, never really consider myself in any true sense poor. I have been frusterated with having a hard time finding people in evangelical churches to relate to lower working class people. I think that with a relatively strong community compared to the outside the help that you get in the church, and the grounding it gives in your life, you are just surrounded by a culture, and it is a good thing, to provide for your family. Often saved 'sinner's' will work, then at least send their covenant kid's off to college. This causes a chain reaction, I could get into like that of Isreal where God blesses his people when they come back to him, then the people forget God in thier wealth. The evangelical church is often completely choked down by these false priorities I believe. It scares me to go into the many new seeker sensative churches, where it seems to be important to serve expresso, have thousand dollar leather seats in the lobby, maybe top of the line microphones for the sound system that could easily play many year's for a national christian worker's salary in the two thirds world. Anyway behind it is a sad model for church growth by collecting all kinds of people that are exactly like eachother so they feel comfortable. Why am I talking about all this, cause it has directly to do with the church's failure to understand the life of other's outside there social class. We fail to be even able to need to hear most of the New Testament, and all its teaching about the breaking of the division between people, rich poor, base wise, greek, jew.. when we gather, we never need to watch our hearts because, there is no poor person who would think to enter our church, and if we are in the inner city we don't worry much about favouritism to the rich since they have no business there. there is a huge rift between the classes and races, in the church of God, and the Church itself is what should be the picture and the most progress on this issue the picture of heavenly unity. Bringing all nation's under the cross. Indignious church planting oversea's is another example of how we have a whole system of segragating people off in different groups, that live in the same area,.. so that in for example india recently converted jain's and punjabi's and moslem's get to still hold there prejudices to each other cause they go to different churches. Now on the other hand, i have also lived oversea's in Kenya. so i also get frusterated with people's idea of poverty in the states. My mom worked for wal-mart, she is over 50 and finally the last couple years has a over the phone insurance job which doesn't require her to work 60+ hours a week to survive. people in these situations not having insurance ect.. there is a great dissatisfaction with life, and a way greater tendency to be jaded and to drink and ect.. However it is beyond rediculous in my mind to believe that this woman who seems to be healthy and able to write books even, would end up homeless if it were not only an experiment working these minium wage jobs. when i see what the diaconal fund in my church goes to its hard not to laugh, i am deffinitely greatfully and believe they are doing the right thing. but it is often like, giving a microwave to someone who can't afford it or a car. there is soo much excess close and furniture, and way's in america to get money on the side, collecting scrap metal or whatever that anyone can rise and make money. we need to have a true perspective and realize we live in more of a meritocracy then anywhere else in the world, and then even in economic slumps, we have more oppertunities here then most places can imagine. I don't mean for a minute that personal and social problems can plague people's minds. that they do not need help. we ought to be ashamed to see how bad sections of our cities are, looking roads completely undriveable, .. we just put so much reliance in ourselves and believe others ought to help themselves, and think that the goverment has enough programs that we abband the cause of the poor right infront of our eyes. however the ones who really sacrafice that we may live our life styles.. even the rather easy life style of most 'poor' in the states are the places in the world which manufactor most of the things that fill our houses. my grandfather made pencil's. even with how little everyone made back then, you wouldn't buy ton's of boxes of them for your kids if we weren't getting them from china with practically no labour costs, we need a certian amount to live, because we can not live in the sheet metal temporary houses, that much of the world live in. and here is a even more complex system, where, you have the interests instead of a few rich, and the power of something like slave labour to great nations of power, but you have the whole entire population of the western world, absorbing the resources and giving almost nothing for the labour, so that we may be able to afford all these wonderfull things we use all the time.. i'm sorry i went on a huge rant noone will actually read.. it may seem like i'm confused.. am i'm saying the poor in the states should pick themselves up by there bootstraps or what? no i'm not, i'm all for this.. the christian community becoming more of a true community, single.. married.. black.. white.. rich .. poor.. ect.. and then perhaps, we will be on the path to becoming a community with the world.. it would be a great witness to the Lord.. and i'm also stressing my complaint with the idea that it is soo bad for the poor in our country, where we need to have a right perspective on the hope there is here, in contrast to the hopelessness economically that many are born into in asia and africa and south america ect..

Posted by: joe marlin at January 5, 2003 12:33 AM

Another great book about this topic is "No Shame In My Game." While not written by a Christian author, it is a combination of research on the impact of various social programs on the impoverished while at the same time stopping to humanize the blite in our inner city by profiling these families individually and in enough detail that the reader can appreciate what is going on. The inner cities in America are something of a shame to the church and it is only the love of Christ that will allow the cycle of poverty and sin to be broken.

Posted by: Ben Shobert at January 6, 2003 11:23 AM

Thanks for reviewing this. Powerful topic. Most of us somewhere near the middle types experience the fear of becoming poor but put most of our efforts into that battle, which, at best, might allow us to move up a class or, hopefully, at worst, might keep us from moving down. In line with your other commenters...it seems pretty clear that in the church there should be no one in need (I realize that is slightly over simplified). In reality though most of the needy are filtered out before they get there or soon after.

Posted by: billbean at January 13, 2003 11:36 AM

I read Nickel and Dimed for a class of mine and was very interested in the book the whole way through. The situations that Barbara describes are enlightening and many people probably would not think of them. This book makes you think about what you have if you're not amongst the working poor and makes you grateful that you don't have to survive on one paycheck at a time. So many workers deserce adequate paychecks for the amount of work they do, but instead, they are seen as invisible workers who do not receive much credit, if any at all. I thank the low wage workers who keep showing up for work everyday and congratulate them on a job well done.

Posted by: Jamie Fetterman at November 16, 2004 6:08 PM

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